The conflict in Sudan has entered its fourth year with escalating violence against civilians, as fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) continues to intensify. According to Amnesty International, the war has been marked by widespread atrocities, including deliberate attacks on civilians, destruction of infrastructure, and severe restrictions on humanitarian aid.
Agnès Callamard stated that the conflict is being “deliberately ignored and neglected” by the international community, allowing ongoing abuses to continue unchecked. She emphasized that both sides have repeatedly targeted civilians during and after seizing towns and cities, leaving behind devastation, displacement, and suffering.
Amnesty International reports that violations include unlawful killings, torture, enforced disappearances, rape, and other forms of sexual violence, some of which may constitute war crimes and crimes against humanity. Civilians have also been subjected to looting, destruction of property, and reprisal attacks, while humanitarian assistance remains blocked in many areas.
In regions such as Darfur, large-scale attacks have displaced hundreds of thousands of people. In Zamzam camp in North Darfur, one of the country’s largest displacement camps, civilians were reportedly killed, homes destroyed, and infrastructure severely damaged during a major assault in 2025. Similarly, in El Fasher, Amnesty documented widespread atrocities following an extended siege.
The conflict has also seen airstrikes by SAF forces on civilian areas, including markets, resulting in significant casualties. Meanwhile, activists, journalists, healthcare workers, and members of local response networks have faced harassment, detention, and killings. Fighting in regions such as Kordofan continues to take a heavy toll, with cities like El Obeid under siege and at risk of further mass atrocities.
Amnesty International has urged stronger action from global and regional bodies, including the United Nations Security Council, the African Union, and the European Union. The organization is calling for expanded investigations into crimes across Sudan, including extending the Darfur referral to the International Criminal Court to cover the entire country.
The group has also highlighted ongoing violations of the arms embargo in Darfur, reporting that weapons continue to flow into Sudan from multiple sources. It has called for the embargo to be extended nationwide and for accountability for countries and entities involved in supplying arms, warning that continued weapons flows will prolong civilian suffering.
Amnesty further urged the international community to increase humanitarian funding and ensure safe, unrestricted access for aid delivery, particularly for survivors of violence. Without urgent global action, the organization warned, Sudanese civilians will remain trapped in a cycle of violence, displacement, and hunger with no end in sight.
