The latest Global Environment Outlook presents a stark warning for humanity, stating that the world faces a crucial choice between continuing on a destructive path marked by climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation and pollution, or shifting toward a healthier, more sustainable future for people and the planet. Compiled with contributions from 287 experts across 82 countries, the extensive report argues that true progress must move beyond traditional economic measures such as GDP and instead adopt broader indicators that value human well-being and natural ecosystems.
The report stresses that meaningful change requires coordinated action across society and government. It highlights the need for circular economic models, rapid decarbonisation, sustainable food systems, and the restoration and protection of ecosystems. These efforts must be supported by cultural and behavioural shifts that recognise the value of Indigenous and local knowledge. The report outlines two pathways for transformation: one driven by changes in social values and lifestyles, and another powered by technological innovation and urban development.
UNEP warns that without significant action, the global environment will deteriorate sharply. Current trends could push global temperatures beyond 1.5°C in the early 2030s and above 2°C by the 2040s, driving economic losses of up to 20 per cent of global GDP by the century’s end. However, the report finds that adopting sustainable transformations could prevent millions of pollution-related deaths, reduce hunger, and lift millions out of poverty. UNEP urges governments and societies to embrace the recommended approaches, noting that while the task is vast, it is technologically and scientifically achievable.
