The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has released a new analysis examining the potential health impacts of the El Niño phenomenon expected during 2026 and early 2027. The report highlights how climate-related events such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves could affect public health, healthcare systems, and vulnerable communities across the Americas.
The analysis identifies several major health risks linked to changing climate conditions. These include the possible spread of communicable diseases such as cholera, malaria, dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, which can increase due to changes in water availability, temperature, and mosquito populations. The report also highlights risks related to noncommunicable diseases, including heat-related illnesses and respiratory problems caused by wildfires and declining air quality.
PAHO notes that extreme weather events may also affect mental health by increasing displacement, economic losses, and disruption of livelihoods. Communities affected by climate emergencies may require greater access to psychological support and social services.
The report also assesses the impact of El Niño on health infrastructure and essential services. It highlights risks to hospitals and healthcare facilities from flooding, supply chain disruptions, and challenges in maintaining access to medicines and medical supplies. Special attention is given to vulnerable groups, including pregnant women, newborns, young children, and populations facing food insecurity.
To prepare for potential impacts, PAHO recommends strengthening disease surveillance systems, improving climate and health data integration, ensuring access to safe water and sanitation, and maintaining healthcare services during emergencies. The organization also encourages the use of solutions such as telehealth, mobile health teams, and flexible service delivery approaches to reduce disruptions in care.
The analysis emphasizes the importance of early action, community engagement, and coordination between sectors to reduce health risks associated with El Niño. PAHO highlights that the effects of the climate event will vary across countries and communities depending on their level of exposure, vulnerability, and preparedness, making proactive planning essential for protecting public health.
