The 2025 theme “Living in Space” celebrates how scientific innovation, international law, and global collaboration are shaping the next chapter of human history beyond Earth while also driving technological advances that benefit life on our planet. Established by the UN in 1999, the annual commemoration runs from 4 to 10 October, linking two historic milestones: the 1957 launch of Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite, and the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which laid the foundation for international space law. Today, more than 90 countries launch satellites, and the global space economy is projected to surpass $730 billion by 2030, highlighting that space is no longer a distant dream but a shared reality.
Space is increasingly recognized as a tool for development, not just for wealthy nations. The UN has helped countries such as Kenya, Nepal, and Guatemala build their first satellites and supports governments in leveraging space data for disaster response, climate monitoring, and food security. Satellite imagery also plays a critical role in environmental protection, helping countries combat illegal fishing, monitor forest fires, and prevent deforestation, demonstrating the tangible benefits of space technology on Earth.
Multilateral cooperation remains essential to keeping space accessible, safe, and conflict-free, particularly as private companies expand operations and geopolitical tensions rise. Ensuring that all UN Member States have a voice in space governance is crucial for sustaining equitable and responsible use of space. This cooperative spirit has been exemplified aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Former NASA astronaut and UN Champion for Space Scott Kelly described his 520 days in orbit as the ultimate demonstration of what humanity can achieve together.
Reflecting on the ISS, Kelly highlighted the remarkable collaboration required to assemble modules in orbit under extreme conditions, from high-speed travel to temperature swings of plus or minus 270 degrees. He emphasized that the space station represents one of humanity’s greatest accomplishments, illustrating that with cooperation, even the most extraordinary challenges can be overcome. The celebration underscores that international partnerships and innovation in space not only expand human knowledge but also offer solutions to pressing challenges on Earth.
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