Intangible cultural heritage refers to living traditions—such as rituals, music, crafts, skills and social customs—that communities actively practice and pass from one generation to the next. UNESCO works with governments and cultural groups to help protect and promote these practices, especially those threatened by social, economic, or environmental pressures that could lead to their disappearance.
This year, several traditions were added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. Viet Nam’s Đông Hồ folk woodblock printing, known for its colourful, hand-crafted depictions of daily life and worship, was recognized as a tradition in decline despite its rich manual techniques. Kenya’s Mwazindika spiritual dance, practiced by the Daida community to promote healing, balance and protection, was also highlighted for its cultural significance. Additional endangered practices include Pakistan’s Boreendo clay flute, Panama’s quincha mud-house construction, Paraguay’s Ñai’ũpo ceramics, the Philippines’ Asin Tibuok sea salt making, Portugal’s moliceiro boat crafting, Uzbekistan’s Kobyz string instrument, Albania’s lahuta epic singing, Barbados’ landship traditions, and Belarus’ Negliubka textile heritage.
UNESCO also celebrated new additions to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, which honours cultural expressions that reflect global diversity and creativity. Notable among these is the Bisht, a ceremonial men’s garment worn across the Middle East to signify respect and social status during important life events. Venezuela’s vibrant Joropo tradition—an energetic blend of music, dance and poetry—was recognized for its deep roots in community celebrations. Other celebrated traditions include Bolivia’s Festivity of the Virgin of Guadalupe, Argentina’s cuarteto dance-music style, Bangladesh’s Tangail saree weaving, Behzad-style miniature art linked to Afghanistan, Belgian rod marionette theatre, Belize’s Christmas Bram and Sambai customs, Bulgarian bagpipe music, and the Zaffa wedding procession practiced across parts of Africa and the Middle East.
