Human Rights Watch has reported that both government and opposition forces in South Sudan are obstructing humanitarian access and forcing civilians to evacuate populated areas, worsening an already severe humanitarian crisis. Since late 2025, repeated evacuation orders from both sides have displaced hundreds of thousands of people, often pushing them into even more dangerous and resource-scarce conditions.
The conflict has intensified in regions such as Jonglei state, where clashes between government forces and opposition groups have led to widespread displacement. Many civilians have fled due to bombardments, fear of abuses, or direct evacuation orders, with large numbers crossing into neighbouring countries. Despite these movements, there has been no clear progress toward de-escalation, and violence continues to spread.
Reports indicate that both sides have committed serious human rights violations, including indiscriminate airstrikes on civilian areas, killings, sexual violence, looting, and destruction of property. Attacks have also targeted critical civilian infrastructure, including markets and healthcare facilities, raising concerns about potential war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Humanitarian operations have been severely disrupted, with aid organizations facing restrictions, looting, and forced relocation orders. Government-imposed measures such as no-flight zones have further blocked the delivery of essential supplies and medical evacuations, while conflicting directives from authorities have complicated aid distribution.
As a result, displaced populations are facing extreme hardship, with limited access to food, healthcare, and shelter. In some areas, people are surviving in remote and unsafe conditions, and there are growing fears of famine. The situation underscores the urgent need for all parties to allow humanitarian access, protect civilians, and comply with international humanitarian law to prevent further deterioration of the crisis.
