In 2016, blockchain, also known as distributed ledger technology, was gaining global attention as a tool to improve how information is recorded and shared. Industries such as diamonds were already using blockchain to create secure digital passports for tracking ownership and documentation. While its potential benefits for government were less clear, departments recognized the need to understand how the technology could support public services efficiently and securely. This created a demand for clear, balanced, and evidence-based advice to guide policy decisions.
To explore blockchain’s possibilities, the Government Office for Science undertook a dedicated project. The team reviewed international research, consulted experts, and collaborated with government departments to identify where the technology might add value. One of the key steps was establishing a cross-government Community of Interest (COI), bringing together staff from multiple departments who were curious about blockchain. Several departments also launched trial projects, exploring applications ranging from record-keeping to broader public service delivery.
To support this work, the Government Office for Science produced a comprehensive report explaining the science behind blockchain in accessible language. The report outlined how the technology functions, potential use cases, and challenges to be addressed. This initiative positioned the UK as an early global leader in blockchain understanding. In 2018, Digital Catapult highlighted the UK’s efforts as an international example of thought leadership, and the report was widely praised for its clarity, being translated into Russian, Polish, and Japanese.
Overall, this work helped build early awareness of blockchain technology within government, encouraging departments to consider how emerging innovations can enhance public services. It stands as an example of how scientific analysis can guide policy thinking in fast-moving technological fields.
