Iranian authorities have imposed a widespread internet shutdown and severe communications restrictions, which Human Rights Watch warns put civilians at serious risk. On February 28, 2026, internet traffic in Iran dropped by 98 percent following strikes by the United States and Israel, signaling a near-total blackout. State-affiliated media reported that only pre-approved websites remained accessible through the National Information Network. Human rights experts highlight that such shutdowns restrict access to lifesaving information and cause psychological harm by preventing people from contacting loved ones during crises.
Iran has a history of using internet shutdowns during conflicts and domestic unrest to control information and obscure human rights violations. Previous instances include a 21-day shutdown in January 2023 during violent crackdowns on protesters, a near-total blackout during the June 2025 Israel-Iran armed conflict, a 12-day shutdown during nationwide protests in November 2019, and targeted restrictions during the Women, Life, Freedom protests of 2022. These measures often coincide with violent repression and impede independent monitoring and reporting of abuses.
The ongoing military actions in the region do not justify blanket internet shutdowns. Such measures violate human rights, conceal atrocities, enable disinformation, hinder journalists and human rights observers, and increase the risk of civilian harm by preventing access to safety information, essential services, and communication with family. International law guarantees the right to freely seek, receive, and share information, and any restrictions must be necessary, proportionate, and legally justified.
Human Rights Watch emphasizes that while limited internet restrictions might serve legitimate military purposes, the extensive shutdowns imposed by Iran are disproportionate and unlawful under both human rights and humanitarian law. United Nations experts have stated that communication “kill switches” can never be justified, even in conflict situations.
The organization urges Iranian authorities to immediately restore unrestricted internet access and calls on the international community to support civilians by providing technical and regulatory assistance, including satellite connectivity, to ensure communication and access to vital information during conflicts.
