Geneva and Kyiv, 16 February 2026 – As Ukraine approaches the fifth anniversary of the full-scale Russian invasion on 24 February, attacks on energy infrastructure continue to severely affect living conditions for millions. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reports that approximately 325,000 Ukrainian returnees could face displacement again in the coming months, with over one-third considering leaving the country once more. IOM Director General Amy Pope emphasized that safe housing, reliable energy, and essential services are critical for survival and dignity, warning that without sustained support, energy disruptions could force families from their homes and undermine previous return efforts.
As of January 2026, Ukraine hosts 3.7 million internally displaced people. Since the escalation of the war, more than 4.4 million people have returned from displacement, including over one million returning from abroad. Despite this, 372,000 returnees remain internally displaced within Ukraine, unable to return home due to ongoing insecurity and damaged housing.
Winter conditions are compounding these challenges, with temperatures dropping to -20°C (-4°F) and widespread power outages across the country. Many households in key return areas report severe shortages of power banks, generators, and materials for housing repairs, with unmet needs exceeding 90 per cent in some frontline regions. Recent returnees are particularly vulnerable, relying heavily on crisis-level coping strategies and experiencing high levels of psychological distress.
Since 2022, IOM has delivered a large-scale response to the Ukraine crisis, supporting up to 6.9 million people inside the country and millions more across 11 neighbouring states. Through field operations, data analysis, and partnerships with over 270 local and regional actors, IOM links life-saving assistance with recovery and long-term solutions for those affected by the conflict.
To prevent further displacement, IOM calls on the international community to scale up winterization efforts, housing repairs, livelihood support, and integrated mental health and psychosocial services, particularly in frontline and high-return areas. Without timely and sufficient aid, ongoing energy disruptions threaten to trigger additional displacement and undermine the progress of return and recovery efforts in Ukraine.
