As the Hong Kong BN(O) visa scheme approaches its fifth anniversary, more than 180,000 people have moved to the UK under the program following restrictions on democratic freedoms in Hong Kong. Many of the first arrivals are now preparing applications for Leave to Remain, with the intention of becoming British citizens in 2027. While the visa provided a pathway to residency, the accompanying Welcome Programme, introduced in 2021, offered financial support to organisations assisting BN(O)s, but this funding has been scaled down and is set to close in March 2026. The experience of the scheme highlights key lessons for supporting new migrants in the UK, particularly around language, employment, and mainstream integration.
English language proficiency has been a major barrier for BN(O)s in securing jobs that match their skills, despite many having good general English. Limited access to funded higher-level ESOL courses meant only a fraction could improve their workplace language skills. Changes allowing BN(O)s to access mainstream ESOL and further education are positive steps, but gaps remain, especially for higher-level and job-focused language support.
Employment remains a significant challenge, with many skilled migrants unable to work in roles that match their qualifications. Surveys show that while most BN(O)s are of working age and highly educated, around half of those employed were underemployed or working in jobs unrelated to their expertise, including nurses, engineers, and teachers. Recognition of qualifications, knowledge of the UK labour market, and access to career guidance are critical gaps, with most BN(O)s reporting little or no support in navigating these issues. Access to Jobcentre Plus was limited for migrants without public funds, and its sanctions-focused approach made it poorly suited to address tailored employment needs.
The winding down of the Hong Kong Welcome Programme underscores the importance of mainstream services being adequately equipped to support new migrants. Future services, including the upcoming Jobs and Careers Service, will need specialist advisors who can guide migrants on qualification recognition, professional networks, and English language requirements to ensure their skills are effectively utilized. Mainstreaming support across education, health, and local authority services is also critical to ensure that the broader needs of migrants, including emotional, educational, and community integration, are met. The legacy of the Welcome Programme lies in ensuring that the expertise and lessons developed are retained, enabling all public services to provide high-quality, inclusive support for current and future migrants, thereby benefiting both individuals and the UK economy.
