Influenza is spreading across the WHO European Region earlier than usual, driven by a newly dominant virus strain that is putting significant pressure on health systems in some countries. Public health authorities are advising individuals to take simple protective measures to safeguard themselves and others during this winter season.
The influenza season began approximately four weeks earlier than in previous years, with at least 27 of the 38 reporting countries experiencing high or very high influenza activity. In six countries—Ireland, Kyrgyzstan, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom—more than half of patients tested for influenza-like illness were confirmed positive for influenza. Dr. Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO Regional Director for Europe, explained that a new strain, A(H3N2) subclade K, now accounts for up to 90% of confirmed cases. Although this variant does not appear to cause more severe disease, its novelty means populations have limited immunity, increasing pressure on health systems.
Early data from the United Kingdom indicate that the current seasonal influenza vaccine, while not fully preventing infection, reduces the risk of severe health outcomes from A(H3N2). Vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure, particularly for high-risk groups such as older adults, people with underlying conditions, pregnant women, children, and health workers. School-aged children are major drivers of community transmission, whereas adults aged 65 and older represent the majority of severe cases requiring hospitalization, highlighting the need to prioritize vaccination for these groups.
The influenza season is expected to peak in late December or early January. While most people will recover without medical intervention, those experiencing severe symptoms or with pre-existing conditions should seek care. WHO emphasizes well-established measures to reduce transmission, including vaccination, staying home when unwell, wearing masks if symptomatic, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining indoor ventilation.
Dr. Kluge stressed that although the current flu season is serious, it does not reach the global emergency level seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health systems have extensive experience managing influenza, vaccines are updated annually, and protective public health measures are effective. He also highlighted the importance of relying on credible information from trusted sources, such as national health agencies and WHO, to combat misinformation and ensure informed, life-saving decisions during this challenging flu season.
