Mercury is a highly toxic metal that poses serious risks to human health, particularly affecting the brain, lungs, kidneys, and immune system. It is especially harmful to children and pregnant women. Mercury pollution is commonly caused by industrial processes such as small-scale gold mining, and because it can travel long distances through air and water, its effects are widespread and persistent.
The dangers of mercury poisoning were tragically demonstrated in Minamata, Japan, where residents suffered for decades after a chemical factory discharged mercury-contaminated water into the bay beginning in the 1930s. The mercury accumulated in fish and shellfish, leading to severe poisoning among those who consumed them. Victims experienced symptoms ranging from tremors and hearing loss to paralysis and death, while many children were born with lifelong disabilities including blindness, deafness, and severe mental impairments.
Public outrage over the disaster ultimately led to the establishment of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, an international treaty that came into force in 2017 to control and reduce mercury emissions, phase out its use, and prevent future tragedies. Under the Convention, representatives from governments, the UN, civil society, and other stakeholders convene every two years to assess progress and accelerate action. The sixth conference opened in Geneva on Monday, focusing on eliminating mercury in products like batteries, light bulbs, and cosmetics, as well as reducing industrial emissions. Delegates are also exploring ways to strengthen support for countries through funding and technical assistance.
During the opening session, Elizabeth Mrema, Deputy Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), highlighted significant progress made in helping countries measure mercury use and emissions, describing these efforts as crucial foundations for effective action. She also marked the 20th anniversary of the UNEP-led Global Mercury Partnership, a coalition of nearly 300 public and private partners working to raise awareness and promote solutions. The initiative has been instrumental in helping nations develop action plans to eliminate mercury use in small-scale gold mining, protecting both miners and communities from its deadly effects.
