The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) presented its annual report to the UN General Assembly, with Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi emphasizing the importance of transparency and accountability in monitoring nuclear materials and activities worldwide. He underscored that the past year had shown how crucial it is to maintain clear oversight, particularly in countries of concern, to uphold global security and non-proliferation standards.
Addressing Iran, Grossi said the IAEA is working persistently to restore vital dialogue with Iranian authorities regarding inspection regimes and uranium enrichment. While inspections continue, he noted that significant progress is still needed before the Agency’s full monitoring and verification capacity can be reinstated. He referred to a technical understanding reached in Cairo in July as a potential pathway toward restoring trust and ensuring the integrity of the non-proliferation system in a region already burdened by instability.
Turning to Syria, Grossi reported that his recent visit to Damascus resulted in encouraging discussions, allowing the IAEA to resume inspection activities aimed at clarifying unresolved issues linked to the country’s past nuclear undertakings. He expressed hope that renewed engagement could support Syria’s constructive reintegration into the international community.
Regarding Ukraine, the IAEA chief highlighted the ongoing presence of the Agency at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, Europe’s largest, where disruptions in external power supplies have posed serious safety risks. He explained that cooperation between Ukraine and Russia had helped stabilize the situation, but cautioned that conditions at the Russian-occupied site remained fragile and required continued vigilance.
Grossi urged member states to reaffirm their commitment to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), calling it a vital source of stability in an uncertain global environment. He also drew attention to the increasing adoption of peaceful nuclear technologies, including the IAEA’s efforts to promote safety, train women professionals through fellowship programs, and apply nuclear science to health, food security, and environmental challenges.
