Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are placing a growing strain on Afghanistan’s health system. Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic lung conditions currently account for 43% of deaths in the country, with projections indicating this could rise above 60% by 2030, particularly affecting women. Substance use and road traffic accidents further compound the health burden.
Thousands of Afghan families struggle with long waiting lists for treatment, and timely, life-saving care is often difficult to access, especially in rural areas. Cardiovascular disease alone claims over 40,000 lives annually, ranking Afghanistan among countries with the highest age-adjusted death rates. Cancer, particularly breast and cervical cancers, also heavily affects Afghan women, with many patients seeking medical attention only at late stages, reducing treatment effectiveness.
Mental health is emerging as a critical yet under-recognized challenge. Years of conflict, displacement, and natural disasters have left lasting psychological impacts, particularly among families returning from Pakistan and Iran. It is estimated that one in five Afghans lives with a mental health condition, and last year, over half of returning families suffered from disorders such as anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress. Despite this, provincial hospitals and primary healthcare services lack adequate mental health support, leaving vulnerable populations without care.
For families like the Rahimis in eastern Afghanistan, these challenges are deeply personal. A recent earthquake destroyed their home, disrupted the wife’s diabetes treatment, and left their two teenage daughters struggling with anxiety. “We survive the disasters, but the illness and worry never leave,” says Rahimi.
In response, the Ministry of Public Health approved a national health policy in March 2025 prioritizing NCD prevention and care, cancer services, and mental health. WHO is working with health authorities to implement this policy by expanding access to care, strengthening community awareness, and supporting vulnerable groups, particularly women and children.
“Millions across Afghanistan face the daily burden of chronic illness and mental health challenges, placing enormous pressure on an already fragile health system,” said Dr. Edwin Ceniza Salvador, WHO Representative to Afghanistan. “Beyond physical disease, trauma and psychological suffering continue to affect families and communities, highlighting the shared responsibility of WHO, health authorities, and donors to expand care and support.”
Unlike acute disasters, NCDs and mental health conditions often remain invisible in headlines, yet they affect every province in the country. Expanding services, raising awareness, and demonstrating solidarity with those affected remains an urgent priority.
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